Figure 6. Thrombin induces glutamate release in a non-vesicular mode. The participation of vesicular mechanisms (Figure 6A) or reverse activity of Glutamate Aspartate Transporter (GLAST; Figure 6B) in thrombin induction of glutamate (Glu) release was tested. Results showed that neither GLAST inhibition by DL-threo-β-Benzyloxyaspartic acid (TBOA) nor that of vesicular release by bafilomycin prevented thrombin induction of Glu release. Data are the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of three independent experiments. The Student t test with respect to negative control was statistically significant (*p<0.05). The Student t test with respect to Ser-Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg-Asn-amide trifluoroacetate salt (SFLLRN) was not statistically significant.