Table 1 of
Liu, Mol Vis 2026; 32:49-68. Table 1 of
Liu, Mol Vis 2026; 32:49-68.
Table 1. Substances targeting the NF-κB pathway for microglial regulation.
| Category | Name | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Natural compounds | Kaempferol [26] | Reducing proinflammatory cytokines and preventing the nuclear translocation of p65-NF-κB |
| Baicalin [27] | Reducing the activation of NF-κB and decreasing the expression of its downstream proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, and ICAM-1) | |
| Galangin [28] | Inhibiting the ERK1/2-ROS-NF-κB/Egr1 inflammatory signaling pathway | |
| Chlorogenic acid [29] | Inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway | |
| Paeoniflorin [30] | Inhibiting the TLR4 and NF-κB pathways | |
| Erianin [31] | Blocking the ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing TNF-α | |
| Sesamin [32] | Reducing TNF-α secretion and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway | |
| Endogenous substances | Melatonin [33] | Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/Stat3/NF-κB signaling pathway |
| Ursodeoxycholic acid [34] | Reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, and VEGF associated with the NF-κB-Mediated inflammatory signaling pathway | |
| Asiatic acid [35] | Inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway | |
| Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 25 [36] | Knocking down USP25 reduces the expression of ROCK1, ROCK2, pNF-κB, and tNF-κB, and inhibits the nuclear translocation of pNF-κB | |
| Medicine | Dextromethorphan [37] | Inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the production of proinflammatory factors (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NO) by microglia |