Figure 3. AS-IV enhances autophagy by regulating the phosphorylation of AMPK, mTOR, and ULK. A. Western blot was used to assess the AMPK, mTOR, and ULK phosphorylation levels in retinal tissue of rats in all groups (n = 3). *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01, compared with the MO group (excluding the CC group). #p < 0.05 or ##p < 0.01, comparison between all drug groups. B. LC3 protein levels in retinal tissue (n = 3). *p < 0.05, comparison between AS-IV and 3-MA group. C. The AKT1 and S6RP phosphorylation levels in retinal tissue (n = 3); *p < 0.05, comparison between AS-IV and MO group.