Figure 2. Schematic representation of proteostasis network components. Protein homeostasis is maintained by integrating major branches of the PN: (i) protein synthesis, the folding factors responsible for the folding of newly synthesized proteins; (ii) the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways that resolve stress by inducing stress response elements, (iii) The chaperone pathways for remodeling of misfolded proteins and protein disaggregation, and (iv) The pathways of protein degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy [3,58,93,106,116].