Figure 2. Hyperglycemia leads to changes in protein patterns in the retina. A: The differentially expressed proteins are shown by a volcano plot between the diabetic and control groups. The –log₁₀ (p value) was plotted against the log₂(ratio diabetes/control). The upregulated proteins (p<0.05) are labeled with red dots, and the downregulated proteins (p<0.05) are labeled with green dots. Proteins with no significant expression differences are marked in black. B: The 151 differentially expressed proteins (p<0.05) between the diabetic and control groups are shown by a heatmap. Red indicates the upregulated proteins, while blue represents the downregulated proteins. C, control group; D, diabetes group. C: Principal component (PC) analysis was performed based on the quantitative proteomics profiles of the retina. PC1 and PC2 were calculated and plotted. The clusters show the significant differences between diabetic and control mice.