Figure 3. Serum levels of insulin and glucose were measured in all experimental groups at the conclusion of the study. Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 per group). **Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Significant differences among multiple groups are indicated by different lowercase letters (p < 0.05). Additionally, asterisks denote comparisons with the control (C) group: ∗∗p < 0.01 and *p < 0.001. Symbols indicate comparisons with the diabetic (D) group: #p < 0.05, +p < 0.05, ^^p < 0.01, and ^p < 0.05.