Table 2 of
Chu, Mol Vis 2022; 28:230-244.
Table 2. Upregulation and downregulation of metabolites, and metabolomics pathways identified by metabolomics techniques in diabetic macular edema (DME) versus diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing cataract surgery control patients.
Metabolites group | Molecular formula | Ionization species | Experimental Ion Mass (m/z) | Molecular Mass | Proposed Pathway/reaction | KEGG/LM No. | Regulation Fold change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antioxidant | |||||||
Methylselenic acid* | CH4O2Se | [M+Cl]- | 162.9053 | 127.9377 | Selenocompound | map00450 | 2.9 |
Dehydroascorbic acid* | C6H6O6 | [M+CH3COO]- | 233.0307 | 174.0164 | Glutathione | map00480 | >1000 |
Glutathione amide*** | C10H18N4O5S | [M+Na]+ | 329.0886 | 306.0998 | Glutathione amide | R09561 | 0.51 |
Se-Adenosylselenohomocysteine*** | C14H20N6O5Se | [M+H]+ | 433.0747 | 432.066 | Selenoamino acid | R04939 | 0.74 |
Co-Factor | |||||||
7,8-Diaminononanoate* | C9H20N2O2 | [M+Na]+ | 211.1454 | 188.1525 | Biotin | map00780 | 2.03 |
Fatty acid/Lipid | |||||||
9-oxo-2E-decenoic acid* | C10H16O3 | [M-H]- | 183.1056 | 184.1099 | Oxo fatty acids | FA0106 | 16.6 |
2-Undecenoic acid*** | C11H20O2 | [M+H]+ | 185.1565 | 184.1463 | Unsaturated fatty acids | FA0103 | 1.6 |
Decanoyl-L-carnitine** | C17H33NO4 | [M+CH3COO]- | 374.2586 | 315.241 | fatty acid oxidation | 1.5 | |
C16 sphingosine-1-phosphate* | C16H34NO5P | [M+CH3COO]- | 410.2352 | 351.2175 | Sphingoid | GP0105 | 1.54 |
Inflammation | |||||||
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-tetranor PGF1α* | C16H28O5 | [M+H]+ | 301.2019 | 300.1937 | prostaglandin | n/a | 1.86 |
19(R)-hydroxy-PGF1α* | C20H36O6 | [M-H2O-H]- | 353.2348 | 372.2512 | Prostaglandins | FA0301 | 2.19 |
Neurotransmitter | |||||||
Homovanillic acid*** | C9H10O4 | [M+H-H2O]+ | 165.0519 | 182.0579 | Dopaminergic synapse | map04728 | 2.67 |
5-Hydroxytryptophan*** | C11H12N2O3 | [M+H-H2O]+ | 203.0869 | 220.0848 | Serotonin | 2.21 | |
Nucleotides | |||||||
Urate-3-ribonucleoside* | C10H12N4O7 | [M-H]- | 299.0661 | 300.0706 | Purine | map00240 | <0.01 |
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)* | C9H14N2O12P2 | [M+CH3COO]- | 463.0174 | 404.0022 | Pyrimidine | map00230 | <0.01 |
Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid* | C15H22N2O18P2 | [M+H-2H2O]+ | 545.0188 | 580.0343 | Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism | map00520 | 0.45 |
Peptide/Amino acid | |||||||
L-Homocysteine** | C4H9NO2S | [M+K]+ | 173.9989 | 135.0354 | Cysteine and methionine | map00270 | 0.75 |
3-maleylpyruvic acid*** | C7H6O6 | [M+H]+ | 187.023 | 186.0164 | Tyrosine | map00350 | 0.79 |
Histidinyl-Valine** | C11H18N4O3 | [M+H]+ | 255.1484 | 254.1379 | n/a | n/a | 0.12 |
Tyr-Gly-OH*** | C17H16N2O7 | [M+Na]+ | 383.0902 | 360.0958 | n/a | n/a | 2.91 |
Phe-Ser-OH*** | C17H16N2O7 | [M+Na]+ | 383.0878 | 360.0958 | n/a | n/a | 2.44 |
Ala-Tyr-OH*** | C17H16N2O7 | [M+Na]+ | 383.0876 | 360.0958 | n/a | n/a | 2.44 |
Asp-Phe-OH*** | C18H16N2O8 | [M+H]+ | 389.1001 | 388.0907 | n/a | n/a | 1.77 |
Sugar | |||||||
2-Hydroxyethylphosphonate** | C2H7O4P | [M+K]+ | 164.9698 | 126.0082 | Phosphonate and phosphinate | map00440 | 0.59 |
b-Glucose* | C6H12O6 | [M+Na]+ | 203.0503 | 180.0634 | Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis | map00010 | 1.35 |
Sorbitol 6-phosphate*** | C6H15O9P | [M+Na]+ | 285.0346 | 262.0454 | Fructose and mannose | map00051 | 0.66 |