Table 2 of
Azimi, Mol Vis 2022; 28:130-146. Table 2 of
Azimi, Mol Vis 2022; 28:130-146.
Table 2. New advances in management of retinoblastoma.
| New therapies | Examples of applications |
|---|---|
| Molecularly targeted therapies | MDMX-p53 response [3,25,26], spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors [3,28,29], histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors [3,28,33], CEP1347 (small-molecule kinase inhibitor) [23] |
| Tubulin Modifying molecules | Paclitaxel (PTX) [44] |
| Immunotherapy | CAR-T cell therapy [53] Signal transducer CD24 [59] Nucleolin (NCL) protein [61,62] |
| High mobility group A (HMGA) protein | HMGA aptamer (NCLAb–HMGAap) [68,69] |
| Vitamin D analogs | Calcitriol [71,79,80] |
| Angiogenesis inhabitation | Celastrol nanomicelles (CNMs) [87] Ribavirin [20] |
| Neurotransmitter pathway disrupting | Transfection of AP-2α and AP-2β expression into Rb cells to induces apoptosis [98] |
| Arsenic Trioxide | Arsenic trioxide (white arsenic or As2O3; ATO) [18] |
| EDL-155 | an isoquinoline derivative [102] |
| Gene therapy | HSV- TK / GCV(Herpes Simplex Virus-Tyrosine Kinase / Ganciclovir) [19,104] Oncolytic adenovirusVCN-01 [106] |
| Local drug-delivery systems | Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) [117,118] Gold-based nanoparticles [126,127] Dendrimer [133] |
| New hydrogel implant | Local drug delivery [134] |
| Non- coding RNAs (ncRNAs) | lncRNAs [139-151] miRNAs [158-161] |
| Aqueous humor markers | circulating tumor cell (CTC) and cfDNA-based fluid biopsies [171,172] |
| Exosomes | nanoparticles derived from cell membranes containing RNA, microRNA, lipids and proteins [175] |
| MLN4924 (Pevonedistat) | Pevonedistat, a neddylation inhibitor [180] |