Molecular Vision: Mohan, Mol Vis 2021; 27:429-437. Table 1

Table 1. Demographic, clinical and biochemical parameter levels.

Variables	Control (n=15; %)	NoDR (n=15; %)	NPDR (n=16; %)	PDR (n=15; %)	F/χ² value	p value
Age (years)	53.80±6.29	54.33±5.83	56.19±8.77	55.93±5.54	0.46	0.710
Female Male	6 (40.0) 9 (60.0)	11 (73.3) 4 (26.7)	6 (37.5) 10 (62.5)	9 (60.0) 6 (40.0)	5.33	0.149
BCVA (worse eye)	0.37±0.46	0.35±0.27	0.97±0.69	1.63±0.63	18.97	<0.001
Serum prolactin (ng/ml)	7.38±3.34	13.13±1.97	11.04±2.59	7.84±1.17	19.31	<0.001
Serum cortisol (μg/dl)	8.22±2.97	10.25±1.38	12.00±2.54	13.19±2.17	12.87	<0.001
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	12.09±1.39	11.77±0.80	10.71±1.85	11.57±1.25	2.84	0.046
Blood glucose F (mg/dl)	85.07±7.09	139.88±34.91	161.38±65.72	181.11±64.45	10.48	<0.001
Blood glucose PP (mg/dl)	102.93±4.52	218.50±63.46	254.29±86.13	259.12±75.33	18.48	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	4.97±0.34	7.32±1.44	7.63±2.07	9.31±3.44	10.50	<0.001
Serum urea (mg/dl)	31.58±4.27	33.14±11.42	40.83±12.13	43.28±14.35	3.93	0.013
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	0.91±0.10	0.94±0.26	1.13±0.36	1.31±0.71	2.92	0.042

Abbreviations: SD: standard deviation, NoDR: no retinopathy, NPDR: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy, BCVA: best corrected visual acuity, ng/ml: nanogram per milliliter, μg/dl: microgram per deciliter, g/dl: gram per deciliter, mg/dl: milligram per deciliter, Blood glucose F: fasting blood glucose, Blood glucose PP: post prandial blood glucose, HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; (Mean ± SD) of four groups (n=61).