Figure 3. Activity of enzymes that support ATP levels in the retina. A: Creatine kinase (CK) activity. B: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. C: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. D: Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity. The activities of these enzymes were unaffected under all the experimental conditions. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no statistically significant changes ( p value less than 0.05). Values represent mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 6–8 for each group). Abbreviations: C, control; Cyt, proinflammatory cytokines; HG, high glucose; HG + Cyt, high glucose + proinflammatory cytokines.