Table 1 of Daruich, Mol Vis 2019; 25:610-624.


Table 1. Receptors and transporters for bile acids.

Membrane receptors Bile acid affinity Location
Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) LCA, DCA, CDCA, CA, TUDCA Liver, intestine, brain, eye (primary retinal ganglion cells) spleen, lung, monocytes
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) TCA, GCA, TDCA, GDCA, TUDCA liver, brain, eye (rat bipolar retinal cells, mouse retinal endothelial cells) heart, lung
α5β1 Ιντεγριν TUDCA Liver, brain, retina (human vessels, astrocytes)
Nuclear receptors    
Farsenoid X receptor (FXR) LCA, DCA, CDCA, CA Liver, intestine, brain
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) LCA Intestine, liver, bone, kidneys, retina and cells (βcells, adipocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, monocytes)
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) LCA Liver, intestine, brain, retina (RPE cells)
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) UDCA,TCA,GDCA, TUDCA Liver, brain, retina
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) CA Liver, brain, kidney, adrenals
Transporters    
Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) Unconjugated and conjugated bile acids Intestine, cholangiocytes, brain
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) Unconjugated and conjugated bile acids Liver, brain
Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) Unconjugated and conjugated bile acids Liver, Intestine, brain, retina
Multidrug resistant protein (MRP), 2, 3, 4 TCA, CA and conjugated bile acids Liver, Brain, retina
Bile salt export pump (BSEP) Conjugated bile acids Liver, brain