Figure 1. Response of HConECs to hyperosmolarity. A: Cell viability decreased as hyperosmolarity increased, but showed no statistical significance. B: The level of IL-33 mRNA increased in 500 mOsm compared with 400 mOsm (4.35-fold upregulation, p<0.001, one-way ANOVA). C, D: IL-33 protein increased in 500 mOsm compared with 400 mOsm (2.22-fold upregulation, p<0.01, one-way ANOVA). The data shown are representative of the results in three independent experiments.