Nintedanib prevents p-Smad2/3 translocation to the nucleus induced by TGF-β1. HTFs were treated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of nintedanib (1 μM) for 30 min, and immunofluorescence was performed to detect the cellular location of p-Smad2/3 (green). The nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Data are presented as the means ± SD (n=3) of independently repeated experiments. (**** p<0.0001 compared to control or TGF-β1 group). Scale bar=100 μm. To access the data, click or select the words “Appendix 1.”