Figure 3. Retinal endothelial cells grown in NG or HG. Cells in normal glucose (NG) and high glucose (HG) were treated with an Epac1 agonist, and some cells received the Epac1 agonist after transfection with IGFBP-3 siRNA or scrambled siRNA. A: Acetylation of HMGB1. B: SIRT1 levels. C: IGFBP-3 to verify knockdown. *p<0.05 versus NG, #p<0.05 versus HG, $p<0.05 versus HG+Epac1 agonist. n=4 for all groups. Data are mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM).