Figure 3. Effect of bilberry extract, or Dp3G, Cy3G, and Mv3G individually on the expression of UPR factors induced by exposure to blue LED light. Unfolded protein response-related mRNAs, bip and grp94, in murine photoreceptor cells induced by exposure to blue light-emitting diode (LED) light. The levels of mRNA after 9 h exposure to blue LED light with real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)–PCR. A: Experimental protocol. Induction of the mRNA of (A) bip, (B) grp94 treated with bilberry extract of 1 to 10 μg/ml. Induction of (C) bip and (D) grp94 mRNA treated with anthocyanins at 10 µM. Gapdh mRNA was used as the control. Data are the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM; n=4). ^##p<0.01 versus control; *p<0.05, **p<0.01 versus vehicle (Student t tests, Dunnett’s multiple comparison test or Tukey's test).