Figure 4. HSu treatment does not induce a proinflammatory state in the retina. A: The mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS) were assessed with quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results are presented as the mean fold change of the control ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of 10 animals. The iNOS protein levels were analyzed with western blotting. A representative image of the iNOS immunoreactive bands is presented above the graph. The results are expressed as a percentage of the age-matched controls, and data are presented as mean ± SEM of 7-8 animals. B: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) transcript and protein levels were assessed with quantitative PCR (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The qPCR results are presented as the mean fold change of the control ± SEM of 11 animals. The ELISA results are expressed as a percentage of the age-matched controls, and data are presented as mean ± SEM of 3-5 animals.