Figure 4. Increased oxidative stress correlates to changes in complement genes in ob/ob mice. A: A comparison of retinas isolated from the wild-type (wt) control mice to the retinas of the ob/ob mice indicated a statistically significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production in the ob/ob retina (p<0.05, n=6). B: Gene expression analysis showed differential expression of oxidative stress markers in the ob/ob retinas compared to the wt control retinas, with increased Gpx3 and decreased Hmox1 expression detected (p<0.05, n=10). C–D: Primary microglial cells treated with 1 mM H₂O₂ exhibited no ramified processes, with slight morphological changes observed compared to controls. E: Gene expression analysis detected a statistically significant increase in C2 and Cfb expression (p<0.05, n=3), while the expression of C3 and Cfh was decreased following 1 mM H₂O₂ incubation for 1 h (p<0.05, n=3). Statistical analysis was performed using a Student t test. * indicates a p value of less than 0.05. Scale bars = 50 µm. Error bars are displayed as standard error of the mean (SEM).