Molecular Vision: Zhang, Mol Vis 2018; 24:165-173. Table 2

Table 2. Association of OPN and the presence and severity of DR in adjusted model (n=443).

Variables	Presence of DR		Severity of DR
	DR (174)		NPDR (132)		PDR (42)
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Entry age (yrs)	0.990 (0.964–1.018)	0.496	1.004 (0.975–1.033)	0.808	0.928 (0.880–0.977)	0.056
Male gender	0.694 (0.401–1.995)	0.191	0.816 (0.458–1.453)	0.489	0.675 (0.255–1.783)	0.428
Ethnicity
Chinese	Ref.
Malay	2.394 (1.265–4.532)	0.007	2.543 (1.316–4.916)	0.005	1.540 (0.514–4.607)	0.440
Indian	2.913 (1.610–5.271)	<0.001	2.862 (1.537–5.331)	0.001	3.514 (1.253–9.853)	0.017
T2DM duration (yrs)	1.017 (0.985–1.049)	0.294	1.001 (0.968–1.035)	0.946	1.100 (1.044–1.160)	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	1.344 (1.116–1.618)	0.002	1.362 (1.122–1.652)	0.002	1.263 (0.914–1.747)	0.157
Smoking (current and former)	2.418 (1.268–4.611)	0.007	2.687 (1.386–5.208)	0.003	1.165 (0.348–3.897)	0.804
SBP (mmHg)	1.037 (1.018–1.057)	0.001	1.032 (1.012–1.052)	0.002	1.052 (1.021–1.084)	0.001
DBP (mmHg)	0.992 (0.961–1.025)	0.647	0.998 (0.965–1.032)	0.914	0.962 (0.913–1.012)	0.138
BMI (kg/m²)	0.976 (0.929–1.025)	0.334	0.984 (0.934–1.036)	0.533	0.939 (0.859–1.025)	0.161
LneGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	0.284 (0.145–0.553)	<0.001	0.335 (0.165–0.680)	0.002	0.172 (0.067–0.439)	<0.001
RAS medication	1.717 (0.993–2.970)	0.053	1.727 (0.971–2.926)	0.063	1.724 (0.612–4.864)	0.303
Oral glycemic medication & Insulin	1.424 (0.806–2.515)	0.224	1.484 (0.816–2.698)	0.195	1.190 (0.477–2.969)	0.709
LnsRAGE (pg/ml)	1.303 (0.817–2.078)	0.267	1.151 (0.705–1.878)	0.573	2.652 (1.139–6.175)	0.024
LnPEDF (ng/ml)	0.392 (0.154–0.996)	0.051	0.361 (0.135–0.963)	0.042	0.618 (0.116–3.285)	0.572
LnOPN (ng/ml)	2.770 (1.599–3.800)	<0.001	2.673 (1.519–4.704)	0.001	3.389 (1.245–9.226)	0.017