Table 1 of
Zhang, Mol Vis 2018; 24:165-173. Table 1 of
Zhang, Mol Vis 2018; 24:165-173.
Table 1. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of individuals with T2DM stratified by presence of DR (n=443).
| Variables | DR (174) | Non-DR (269) | All (443) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entry age (yrs) | 55.3±9.2 | 51.4±12.5 | 53.0±11.5 | <0.001a |
| Male gender (%) | 57.3 | 59.3 | 58.5 | 0.085b |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Chinese | 45.4 | 62.1 | 55.4 | |
| Malays | 27.3 | 14.5 | 19.6 | |
| Indians | 27.3 | 23.4 | 24.9 | 0.001b |
| Smoking (current and former; %) | 27.1 | 16.6 | 20.8 | 0.007b |
| T2DM burden | ||||
| Duration (yrs) | 14.0±9.0 | 9.3±8.2 | 11.2±8.9 | <0.001a |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.4±1.4 | 7.9±1.5 | 8.1±1.5 | <0.001a |
| Oral glycemic medication1 (%) | 90.3 | 91.5 | 91.0 | 0.170b |
| Insulin (%) | 51.7 | 29.6 | 38.3 | <0.001b |
| Oral glycemic medication & insulin (%) | 43.5 | 26.2 | 33.0 | <0.001b |
| RAS medication2 (%) | 76.4 | 56.5 | 64.3 | <0.001b |
| History of CVD | ||||
| IHD3 (%) | 13.3 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 0.192b |
| Stroke (%) | 7.5 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 0.150b |
| Neuropathy4 (%) | 27.3 | 3.9 | 13.2 | <0.001b |
| SBP (mmHg) | 148.4±19.3 | 136.5±17.4 | 141.2±19.0 | <0.001a |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.5±10.4 | 80.5±10.1 | 81.3±10.3 | 0.046a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4±5.7 | 28.2±5.5 | 28.3±5.6 | 0.742a |
| HDL-C (mM) | 1.27±0.31 | 1.25±0.34 | 1.26±0.33 | 0.591a |
| LDL-C (mM) | 2.82±0.81 | 2.80±0.76 | 2.81±0.78 | 0.821a |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 78.9 (51.7 −104.7) | 93.8 (76.2–120.6) | 87.3 (68.7–113.5) | <0.001c |
| sRAGE (pg/ml) | 850.0 (552.8–1216.2) | 726.6 (525.9–1054.7) | 768.4 (538.7–1115.6) | 0.037c |
| PEDF (ng/ml) | 16.5 (13.5–20.1) | 15.1 (12.4–18.3) | 15.6 (12.7–18.9) | 0.006c |
| OPN (ng/ml) | 64.7 (49.7–89.5) | 51.7 (38.9–66.9) | 56.2 (43.9–74.0) | <0.001c |