Figure 3. Inhibitory effect of P. densiflora bark extract on calpain-induced proteolysis and lens protein insolubilization. A: Water-soluble and (B) -insoluble protein levels and (C) activity of Ca²⁺-ATPase were measured in the cataractous lenses of the experimental groups. The data were presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments (n=7). D: mRNA expression of PMCA-1 and Lp82 was analyzed with comparative real-time PCR (normalized to GAPDH). Each value represents mean ± SD of three independent experiments (n=4). #p<0.05, ###p<0.001 statistically significant different from group 1. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 statistically significant different from group 2. ¥p<0.05 statistically significant different from group 3. Group 1: normal control, Group 2: negative control, Group 3: curcumin treated (80 mg/kg), Groups 4 to 6: P. densiflora bark extract treated (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg, respectively) animals.