Figure 4. TF induces the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A: Representative western blot of tissue factor (TF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β), GSK3β, β-catenin, and p-β-catenin protein levels in ARPE-19 cells. B: Histograms show that TF induces VEGF expression via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. C, D: Histograms show the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway and is inhibited by IWR-1-endo. Values represent mean ± standard deviation (SD).