Figure 4. The effect of standardized extract of Zingiber officinale on retinal TNF-α and VEGF levels after 24 weeks of treatment in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. All values are mean ± standard
deviation (SD). NC = normal control; DC = diabetic control; 6-G = Zingiber officinale–treated. *p<0.0001; *** p<0.01 versus the NC group; #p<0.0001 versus the DC group.