Figure 5. Tube formation assay on matrigel by human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) in vascular smooth muscle cell-conditioned medium (VSMC-CM). HRECs were cultured for 20 h in 96-well plates coated with a matrigel. The cells were cultured in VSMC-CM stimulated with or without IL-13 (2 ng/ml) and treated with or without tenascin-C neutralizing antibody (NAb; 50 μg/ml). The network formation with HRECs was quantified by the total numbers of master junctions, master segments, or meshes. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001. Bars are mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM, n = 4 per group).