ARPE-19 cells were treated with 20 μM xaliproden for 3 h, followed by treatment with TNFα (10 ng/ml) for 4 h. RNA was extracted from these cells and was used for cDNA synthesis followed by qPCR with primers for target genes indicated. Three biologic replicates were performed and expression relative to β-actin was determined. Values represent average fold change over the untreated samples ± standard deviation. P values were determined by Student t test for unpaired samples.