Figure 6. ALA upregulates expression of NT4/5 in the retina after ONC injury. A: Representative immunoblotting showing neurotrophin-4/5 (NT4/5) protein levels in the whole retina. B: Densitometric analysis of NT4/5 expression relative to the loading control (mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM], n = 5 per group). Control = sham-operated animal; ONC = optic nerve crush animal; ALA-ONC = ALA animal pretreated 1 day before ONC; ONC-ALA = alpha lipoic acid (ALA)-treated animal 1 day after ONC. ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 compared to the control group, ### p<0.001 compared to the ONC group, +++ p<0.001 compared to the ALA-ONC group at the same time point.