Figure 5. Western blot analyses of the expression of the endostatin protein and the effect on VEGF, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl expression. Endostatin (A), VEGF (B), Bcl-2 (C), and Bcl-xl (D) protein levels were measured via western blotting 48 h after ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)-mediated embryonic stem (ES) gene delivery. Endostatin protein levels were significantly higher following cationic microbubble (CMB) delivery of the ES gene compared with the neutral microbubble (NMB), liposome, and control groups. VEGF, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl protein levels were significantly lower following CMB delivery of the ES gene compared with the NMB, liposome, and control groups (* p<0.05 relative to the control and CMB groups, #p<0.01 relative to the control group; n=6 per group).