Figure 1. Intravitreal treatment with forskolin reduces RGC death induced by retinal ischemia. A: Representative fluorescent photomicrograph of whole-mount retinas showing the effect of forskolin intravitreal treatment (50–100 μM) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival at 7 days following retinal ischemia. Reduced RGC loss was evident in the retina treated with 100 μM FSK compared to vehicle-treated samples. Images are representative of four independent experiments. Scale bar=75 μm. B: Histogram showing the dose-dependent reduction of RGC death in forskolin-treated retinas (10–100 μM) compared to the vehicle-treated samples. Significant neuroprotection was reported following treatment with the highest dose tested (100 μM). Twenty images per retina were acquired, and FluoroGold (FG)-labeled cells were counted. The total number of labeled cells in the ischemic eye was compared with the contralateral eye and expressed as a percentage of RGC loss. Results are reported as mean ± SEM of four independent experiments (*p<0.05 versus vehicle-treated ischemic retinas; ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test). C: Histogram showing the intraocular pressure (IOP) values recorded right after the increase in IOP and before the procedure was ended. No significant changes in IOP values were reported in the forskolin-treated eyes compared to the vehicle-treated eyes. Results are reported as mean ± SEM of four independent experiments (FSK: forskolin; C: control non-ischemic retina; I/R: ischemic retina).