Table 4 of Guggenheim, Mol Vis 2015; 21:621-632.

Table 4. Variance in refractive error explained by time spent reading and time spent outdoors.

Research 

clinic
 visit		 N Untransformed trait Transformed trait
r2 P-value r2 P-value
Time spent reading at age 8–9 years-old
10 4616 0.003 7.7e-04 0.003 3.7e-04
11 4203 0.009 6.7e-09 0.007 4.1e-07
12 4209 0.008 1.4e-07 0.007 3.0e-07
15 3298 0.008 2.1e-06 0.005 1.9e-04
Time spent outdoors at age 8–9 years-old
10 4626 0.001 3.7e-01 0.001 9.6e-02
11 4215 0.001 4.4e-01 0.001 2.2e-01
12 4225 0.003 4.6e-03 0.002 1.4e-02
15 3298 0.002 2.1e-02 0.001 3.3e-02

Analyses included sex as a covariate. Estimates are shown for refractive error in Diopters (“untransformed trait”) or after refractive error readings were transformed to normal scores (“transformed trait”).

Guggenheim, Mol Vis 2015; 21:621-632. http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v21/621

©2015 Molecular Vision http://www.molvis.org/molvis/

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