Figure 3. The in vitro dissolution profile of lutein from LCDNs. Normal saline solution (NSS) containing 1% (v/v) Tween-80 were used as dissolution media. All formulations showed an initial burst release (~25%) in the first 30 min, followed by a slow release for 6 h (up to 70%). LCDN-P significantly enhanced drug release rate compared to LCDN, LCDN-E, and LCDN-PE, which demonstrated similar release profiles. (One way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, p-value <0.05). Error bars show the standard deviation (n=3).