Figure 1. C5a can increase TLR4-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production. ARPE-19 cells were stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) in the absence or presence of C5a (50 ng/ml) for 16 h. C5a was added to the culture 10 min before LPS challenge. A and B: The effect of C5a on TLR4-induced IL-6 (A) and IL-8 (B) mRNA expressions in ARPE-19 cells. C and D: Effect of C5a on TLR4-induced IL-6 (C) and IL-8 (D) protein expressions in ARPE-19 cells. The data are expressed as the mean±SD of three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA (* indicates p<0.05 and ** indicates p<0.01).