Figure 3. Dose-dependent effects of vegetable polyphenols on the proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells. (A) epigallocatechin-3-gallate, (B) luteolin, (C) apigenin, (D) myricetin, (E) quercetin, and (F) cyanidin. The effects were determined in the absence (control) and presence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF; 10 ng/ml). The rate of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation was measured after 24-h incubation with the agents. The concentrations of the test substances (in µM) are given in the bars. The vehicle controls were made with acetone (Ac; 0.2%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 0.1%), and methanol (MeOH; 0.2%), respectively. Data are means±standard error of the mean (SEM) of three to ten independent experiments using cells from different donors, and are expressed in percent of untreated control (100%). Significant difference vs. untreated control: *p<0.05. Significant difference vs. PDGF control: ●p<0.05.