Figure 6 of Fan, Mol Vis 2014; 20:1557-1568.


Figure 6. Reduction in the retinal reactive gliosis by E4 treatment in diabetic GK rats in vivo and in vitro. Western blot analysis of retinal GFAP (A) and vimentin (B) expression in three groups (one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test: GFAP, G+NS versus G +Ε4, t=6.501, p<0.001, n=4). C: Immunohistochemistry of retinal GFAP in three groups. D: Reduction of GFAP expression in primary Müller cells (RMCs) from Wistar rat at different time points (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) by E4 treatment under high glucose culture (20 mM; one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test: control [D-glucose, 5.6 mM] versus control [D-glucose, 20 mM], t=11.5, p<0.001; control [D-glucose, 20 mM] versus E4 treatment [20 mM D-glucose + 24 h E4 treatment], t=3.396, p=0.040; control [D-glucose, 20 mM] versus E4 treatment [20 mM D-glucose + 48 h E4 treatment], t=3.957, p=0.013; control [D-glucose, 20 mM] versus E4 treatment [20 mM D-glucose + 72 h E4 treatment], t=5.157, p=0.001;n=4. (*: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, #: p<0.001). GK rat: Goto-Kakizaki rat; E4: Exendin-4; GCL, ganglion cell layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer. The scale bar represents 100 μm. Control: Wistar rats treated with sham injection (normal saline); G+NS: GK rats treated with sham injection (normal saline); G+E4: GK rats treated with E4 intravitreal injection. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test.