Figure 3. Prevention of GK rat retinal cell loss by E4 stimulation. A: Photomicrographs of retina cross-sections with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of three groups: Control, G+NS, and G+E4. The scale bar represents 100 μm. B, C: E4 intravitreal injection prevented retinal cell loss in the GCL, INL, and ONL, but the INL did not statistically differ between the GK control and the E4-treated GK group (one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test: ONL, G+NS versus G+E4, t=11.6, p<0.001; INL, G+NS versus G+E4, t=2.369, p=0.083; GK rat: Goto-Kakizaki rat; E4: Exendin-4; GCL, G+NS versus G+E4, t=2.794, p=0.033; *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, #: p<0.001, n=8). GCL, ganglion cell layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer. GK rat: Goto-Kakizaki rat; E4: Exendin-4; Control: Wistar rats treated with sham injection (normal saline); G+NS: GK rats treated with sham injection (normal saline); G+E4: GK rats treated with E4. GK rat: Goto-Kakizaki rat; E4: Exendin-4. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test.