Figure 5. The effects of chrysene (Chry) on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in MIO-M1 cells. A: The MIO-M1 cells treated 24 h with 1,000 μM (***p<0.001), 500 μM (***p<0.001), and 300 μM (*p<0.05) chrysene showed lower ΔΨm compared to the cells treated with the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-equivalent. The 100-μM-chrysene-treated cells and DMSO-equivalent-treated cells showed similar levels of ΔΨm as the untreated cells. B: When the MIO-M1 cells were pretreated for 6 h with 80 μM lipoic acid (LA) and then 500 μM chrysene was added to the cultures for 24 h (Chyr 500 μM +LA 80 μM), the ΔΨm was restored partially compared to the 500-μM-chrysene-treated cells (**p<0.01). The 80 μM LA did not have any affect on the ΔΨm compared to untreated or DMSO-equivalent-treated cells. The assays for each concentration were run in triplicate repeats and the experiments repeated three times. Values are mean±standard error mean (SEM).