Figure 1. 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2’-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1) decreased cell survival in a dose- and time-related manner under chemical hypoxia. A: 661W cells were treated with 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μM CoCl₂ for 24 h, and cell viability was measured with an MTT assay (n=4). B: The viability of 661W cells in the presence of 0.066% DMSO or 20 μM YC-1 for 24 h during chemically induced hypoxia (by 200 μM CoCl₂) was evaluated using an MTT assay (n=4). C: Morphological changes in cell density were observed with light microscopy. The black arrows indicate the cell debris. D: Concentration-dependent reduction in cell survival by YC-1 during chemical hypoxia. 661W cells were exposed to 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM YC-1 for 5 min, followed by 200 μM CoCl₂ for 24 h (n=4). E: Time-dependent curves of cell survival in response to YC-1 in hypoxia. 661W cells were incubated with 200 μM CoCl₂ in the absence or presence of 20 μM YC-1 for 1, 4, 12, and 24 h (n=4). * Indicates p<0.05 compared to the control group or the DMSO vehicle group; # indicates p<0.05 compared to the chemically induced hypoxic group.