Figure 3. GC31 suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The cells were treated with GC31 (0.1 μM, 1 μM, and 10 μM) or VP30 (10 μM) simultaneously combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/ml). A: The amounts of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the whole cell extracts 12 h after LPS stimulation were determined with western blot analysis. B: The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of ICAM-1 were assessed with real-time PCR analysis 6 h after LPS stimulation. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein and mRNA were measured as the internal control. The data represent means±SD of triplicate measurements. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 versus the LPS group.