Figure 2. GC31 treatment reduced U937 cell adhesion to lipopolysaccharide-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with GC31 (0.1, 1, and 10 μM), VP30 (10 μM), or vehicle for 18 h, exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/ml) for 6 h, and then incubated with CM-H2DCFDA-labeled U937 cells for 30 min as described in Methods. A: Typical images of U937 cells adhered to HUVECs are shown. Green fluorescence represents adhered U937 cells. Scale bar=50 μM. B: Quantification of monocyte adhesion is presented by the number of adhered U937 cells per field counted under microscope. Data are expressed as means±SD (n=3). * p<0.05, ** p<0.01 compared to the LPS-treated group.