Figure 2. Anakinra improved tear secretion. A 14-day course of topical anakinra significantly increased tear secretion in mice with autoimmune-mediated aqueous tear deficiency. Changes in tear secretion at days 7 and 14 are reported relative to baseline secretion at day 0. Results are reported as millimeters of wetting measured using phenol-red threads. At day 7 (day 7 – day 0) changes in tear secretion were −2.7±1.1 (carboxymethylcellulose [CMC] vehicle) versus 0.49±0.20 (anakinra), p=0.04; where positive values represent increased tear secretion and negative values indicate decreased secretion. By day 14 (day 14 – day 0), changes in secretion were −4.3±1.4 (CMC vehicle) versus 0.74±0.0.49 (anakinra); p=0.03. Mice treated with CMC vehicle experienced a progressive decrease in tear secretion, whereas tear secretion increased in mice treated with anakinra and continued to improve throughout the 14-day protocol.