Figure 3. Plasma-membrane permeability (YO-PRO-1 assay) at 24 h (gray bars) and 48 h (black bars). The results expressed as percentages (means±SD) of the 100% of control DMEM and signals emitted by cell population are reported over the neutral red test as an indication of viable cells. At 24 h and 48 h, incubation in HO60 mM, HO90 mM, BAK3.10−4%,  BAK5.10−4% and combinations of BAK with all HO conditions induced an increase (p<0.001) in plasma-membrane permeability compared to control. Combinations of BAK10-4% with all HO increased detection level (p<0.001) compared to BAK10-4% alone. The following letter codes were used for statistical comparisons with (b) all BAK concentrations, (b1) BAK10−4%, (b3) BAK5.10−4%, (b5) BAK3.10−4%, (h) all HO solutions, (h50) HO50 mM, (h60) HO60 mM, (h90) HO90 mM, corresponding to a statistically significant difference at p<0.001.