Figure 1. K5 inhibited the hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression in cultured Müller cells. rMC-1 cells were exposed to normoxia (20% oxygen) and hypoxia (1% oxygen) with different concentrations of K5 for 24 h. A: VEGF secreted to the conditioned medium was measured using ELISA specific for VEGF, normalized by total protein concentration and expressed as a picogram of VEGF per milligram of total protein (mean±SD, n=4). Values significantly lower than control are indicated (*p<0.05). B: VEGF levels in cell lysates were measured with western blot analysis using 50 µg cellular proteins. The membrane was stripped and then reblotted with an anti-β-actin antibody.