Figure 6. Hyperglycemia causes [Ca²⁺]i-dependent and CaMKll-dependent release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol in RF/6A cells. RF/6A cells were treated with 5.5 mM glucose (NG), 30 mM glucose (HG), or HG plus 2-APB or KN93. A: Cytochrome c in the mitochondrion was detected by western blotting analysis. B: Cytochrom c in the cytoplasm was detected by western blotting analysis. β-actin served as the loading control. The cytochrome c in mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions was quantified by densitometry analysis (right panels) for all treatment groups. Data represented mean±SD from at least three independent experiments with seven cells per group. * p<0.05 versus NG; ^# p<0.05 versus HG; ^# p<0.05 versus NG.