Figure 2. Hyperglycemia induces [Ca²⁺]i-dependent and CaMKll-dependent apoptosis in RF/6A cells. RF/6A cells were treated with 5.5 mM glucose. A NG, B NG + 2-APB, C 30 mM glucose (HG), D HG + 2-APB, or E HG + KN93 for 96 h, stained by Annexin V/PI and subjected to flow cytometry analysis. Early apoptotic populations were in the lower-right quadrant (Q4, Annexin V-positive) and late apoptotic cells were in the upper-right quadrant (Q2, Annexin V-positive/PI-positive). F: Percentages of early and late apoptotic cells under each condition were expressed as the mean±SD of six independent experiments. * p<0.05 versus NG or NG+2-APB; ^# p<0.05 versus HG; ^# p>0.05 versus NG or NG+2-APB.