Figure 1. mRNA expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65, B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, and Bcl-XL in retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A: Relative p38 MAPK mRNA levels significantly increased, peaked at 6 h, and then gradually decreased. B: Relative NF-κB mRNA levels significantly increased, peaked at 6 h, and then gradually decreased. C, D: Relative Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL mRNA levels initially decreased, increased to the peak at 8 h, and then gradually decreased. *Statistically significant compared to the control: p<0.05. L-32 was the housekeeping gene. n=10 for Control and n=6 for other groups. mRNA expression level is expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD).