Figure 5. Cell necrosis is predominant phenotype in HLECs due to the bystander effects of combined treatment with the lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV system and ATRA. A: The analysis of necrotic or apoptotic phenotype of HLECs exposed to lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV system combined with vehicle control with flow cytometry assay. B: The analysis of necrotic or apoptotic phenotype of HLECs exposed to lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV system combined with ATRA with flow cytometry assay. C: Apoptosis in HLECs exposed to lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV system combined with ATRA with DNA ladder assay. G + A, Lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV + ATRT treatment; GCV, Lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV + vehicle treatment.