Figure 4. Secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1, but not IL-8 and hyaluronic acid (HA), from orbital fibroblasts in response to palmitate. Orbital fibroblasts were treated with palmitate for 24 h. Concentrations of IL-6 (A), IL-8 (B), MCP-1 (C), and HA (D) were determined by ELISA. Data are presented as the mean±SD of three replicate culture wells from a representative experiment. Similar results were observed in three independent experiments using orbital fibroblasts from #1 patient with TAO (Table 1). * p<0.05 versus non-treated control cells.