Figure 2. Gene expression in 661W cells was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT–PCR). Gene expression was analyzed with the comparative C_t value method after normalizing against the housekeeping gene, Rpl19. Expression values (±SD) are presented against fold change over no-treatment value, which was set to 1.0 (n=3 samples ×3 replication assay per sample). No treatment: no treatment with CAPE or H₂O₂; H₂O₂:treated with 1 mM of H₂O₂ for 6 h; caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): treated with 5 μM CAPE for 3 h; H₂O₂ + CAPE: treated with 5 μM CAPE for 3 h, and then treated with 1 mM of H₂O₂ for 6 h (*: p<0.05; **: p<0.01, by the Student t test).