Figure 2. Pirfenidone had little effect on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced increase in the cell surface area. Cells were incubated in the absence or presence of pirfenidone (PFD, 500 mg/l) or hydroxyfasudil (10 μmol/l) for 1 h, treated with transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF)-β1 (10 μg/l) for an additional 48 h, and stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antibodies for N-cadherin. Cell size was measured as the number of pixels in the cell boundary indicated by N-cadherin staining.