Figure 4. PARG and AIF inhibitors partially protect RGC-5 cells. A: The neuroprotective effect of a PARG inhibitor on light-damaged RGC-5 cells. RGC-5 cells were pretreated with the PARG inhibitor TA and then exposed to 2,600 lx light for 3 days. Cell viability was determined with the MTT assay. Treatment with TA significantly increased cell viability after light exposure. The results are expressed as a percentage of the control cells and are mean values±SEM (n=48, three separate cultures) (***p<0.001, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test). B-G: Following light exposure (2,600 lx, 3 days), some cells show AIF localization in the nucleus (*) while AIF in the control cells is primarily in the cytosol (arrows). B, C, D: dark control; E, F, G: light exposure. Scale bar=15 μm. H: Adding the AIF inhibitor NP (10 μM) to the culture medium attenuates the detrimental effect of light (2,600 lx for 3 days) on RGC-5 cells. Cell viability was measured with the MTT assay. Results are mean values±SEM for 3 different cultures. Each result was analyzed in quadruplet. Significant differences (***p<0.001) were determined with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests.