Figure 8. Proposed HA-CSO NP internalization pathway. HA-CSO NPs interact with CD44 receptors in the plasma membrane, triggering the internalization of the caveola vesicles that then fuse with the caveosome. From the caveosome, NPs are sorted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then to the nucleus. CD44 receptors and caveolin are then recycled and carried back to the membrane through the Golgi network.