Figure 5. Despite no change in insulin like growth factor-1 receptor phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation is reduced in retina from β1-adrenergic receptor knockout mice. Representative blots and bar graph of the ratio of phosphorylated Akt (Ser 473) to total Akt protein levels in retinal lysates in the β1-adrenergic receptor knockout (KO) mice and the wild-type (WT) controls. *p<0.05 versus WT. n=5.